Überblog

Looking Back... by John G Arkenberg

Looking back on four years of non-blogging.

Reading these first two (and only) posts on this website is not unlike reading the work of a total stranger. I recognize the ideas and a familiar language and tone, but feel they were produced by an alien mind. But before I launch another possibly pitiful attempt to write with consistent impunity there should be a moment to reflect on what has passed and what potential lies before. For from this vantage point in time, surveying thoughts as distant as the seam of the horizon, I feel I can better begin to lay the course of my pen.

My work and research for many years now has been a lonely endeavor. This is not paradoxical in light of the fact that I teach an undergraduate class and work on set with large numbers of fellow people. Rather, I have found more generally in my life that the ideas of interest to myself are confined to a few people I know, and only rarely to many that I meet.

Frankly, I live with a lot of disappointment when my hours of research, testing, and data-collection end with someone decrying “I don’t think this really matters to artists.” (Students are the exception in this case, but that is because we encounter each other in an environment designed for learning and discovery.) This comment especially rankles because I am an artist who feels that my consumption of technical matters stems from a direct desire to understand and control my medium to produce an aesthetic result. If the type of brush, the material and shape of the bristles matter to the painter, than why not the intricacies of digital signal compression matter to the cinematographer? Perhaps the overbearing amount of information that must be digested by the cinematographer these days has produced a technological ennui, or denial as a psychological defense mechanism to hold back the flood of technocracy. To this attitude I can only simply reply that research and tests always matter. There is always some light to be shed into the dark corner of the camera obscura even if it only weakly illuminates the subject of study. We should never let our minds become dark rooms.

Another frequent comment I receive is “I don’t understand” which is easily remedied through education. I only have the opportunity to teach a handful of students each semester about information that is diffused between too many, and frequently hard to find, sources. This fact confronts me into admitting that I live in rarified air and should try to reach a wider public. For the education that exists today for aspiring cinematographers is piecemeal necessitating that students must learn largely through practice and experience in the industry. I am not criticizing learning through praxis, but wish for a harmony of systems that also includes solid scientific theory. Sadly, the cinematography texts that exist today are too frequently haphazardly organized, poorly researched, and riddled with mistakes. I hope these writings can help shore up a rickety scaffold of knowledge.

Also, I have also encountered increasing dismissiveness to certain facts that have become cornerstones to my teaching. Having worked hard to first locate these facts, and then to continually subject them to the crucible of testing only for a colleague to deem them “not relevant” takes the wind out of my sails. I believe this  attitude stems from too narrowly defining the concept of what cinematography is, and how to use photographic tools in order to create art. As I resume my studies of physics, logic and philosophy I hope to illustrate how even these ancillary and abstract topics are relevant to the cinematographer (or at least to me). All knowledge is a form of tool, and once we understand our tools than we can understand the relation between our craft to the greater world. For the entire span of the imaging chain must be considered from the photons streaming through the universe to the phenomenology of our visual system. All subjects that relate to visual art of cinematography, whether physical, psychological, physiological, mechanical, chemical, electronic, or otherwise, are relevant. By standing atop the mast we can begin to observe the curvature of the Earth.

My original intentions of this blog from four years back still stand, but must be augmented by the following: to write frequently about the topics and questions I grapple with in my research. Also, to discuss at length the tests that are performed in Science of Cinematography because they succeed and fail in interesting ways and the lessons they produce could be of greater use. To correct this need I am creating two new groups concerned solely with research and testing methodology.

One thing that has not changed about this blog is that fundamentally these writings are not so much a declaration as a forge by which to shape my ideas. I suppose the purpose is ultimately self-serving since I hope to observe the changing nature of my thoughts. This gazing-stone intention is why I have failed to include buttons to link to social media and allow comments. (I assume if you have a comment you can contact me in person and I will address you personally. If the comment sparks interesting ideas than they should be transformed into a piece of writing and not left moldering at the bottom of a post.) The self-reflexive nature of my efforts is not in conflict with posting publicly because I expect certain types of people to find them and respond. This blog has very little purpose as an advertisement for myself, a way to sell a product, or convince others of a doctrine. Rather, this is a quiet space for ideas, a safe harbor in a digital morass. My hope is that in time the right travelers can find shelter and engage in the commerce of ideas without the heightened tone that too commonly defines discourse on the internet.

Finding a Structure... by [Your Name Here]

In an effort to provide some sense of structure to my writings I will file the content into three categories and one “meta-category.”

Writings about the nature of this blog will be filed into the meta-category, the Überblog. This section already contains my introduction and this piece on structure, but will be expanded with the changes in my intentions.

The three main categories are as follows:

1. Science

Writings filed under ‘Science’ deal with the application of the scientific method to photography and cinematography. Both are technologically driven visual arts that leave the artist with the dilemma of this additional layer of complexity. True, the artist could take a passive approach and trust manufacturer and media suggestions, but this seems to be rarely the case. Most people I find are seeking a further understanding of their materials and perform tests on all different aspects of the medium.

At the most abstract level these writings will discuss the nature of testing photographic materials from a philosophical and scientific standpoint. This approach helps define many boundaries that are being hopelessly confused by not asking some important questions first. For example; Am I testing a quality or a quantity? Can I test both and at what point can the two become confused? Can a test exploring a particular aspect be used to make general claims about the medium? While these questions about the nature of a test may seem pedantic or trivial they provide insight into their purpose, methodology, and results.

With an understanding of fundamental questions one can better approach the information disseminated by manufacturers, professionals, and amateurs in publication and on-line. Moreover, there are even further questions that should be explored: What is the value of another person’s information and how does it inform the artist’s work? Who performed the test and what is their agenda? How much transparency exists in the procedure and presentation of the test? Are they confusing any of the topics addressed above and can we untangle them to make any sense?

In order to temper the theoretical and occasionally abstract issues of the topics above this section will also include a practical aspect. From the questions asked we can design many different tests to explore facets of the medium ranging from the technical to aesthetic. I think it is important to share these ideas, questions and procedural outlines so that anyone can use them and find within them their faults and values.

Ultimately, my intention is for the Science section to help the photographer or cinematographer ask of a test the correct questions, and later draw the correct conclusions.

2. Zeitgeist

Currently we live in a time of rapid technological innovation and turnover. The impact of this change on the visual arts is immediate and pervasive.

I feel that the accelerated pace of change has made decision making far more confusing for the artist. The changes in media have led to an increased volume in marketing and an acceleration in social trends. Add to this the opinions found on-line and there is a veritable cacophony. There is so much noise surrounding the technology used in the photographic medium that the quiet connection between technology and the aesthetic is effectively drowned out.

The Zeitgeist section is an attempt to lower the tone. Writings filed here offer a quiet place to step back and ask questions about the current climate: How does technology affect the art? How is the technology affecting how we work? How is the industry being transformed? What are we being asked to believe about the change in technology versus the truth?

The Zeitgeist section is by far the broadest topic but I hope the most insightful because it positions the art of photography and cinematography into a larger context. By scanning a broader horizon we can begin to challenge our own assumptions.  

3. Our Eyes Give it Shape

With each class I teach and each further topic I research I confront a fundamental and profound fact that is best expressed by Wittgenstein in his work Culture and Value:

“…daß das Okular auch des riesigsten Fernrohrs nicht größer sein darf, als unser Auge.”

“…that even the largest telescope has an eyepiece no bigger than the human eye.”

In a similar vein there is a song by Peter Hammill titled “Our Eyes Give it Shape” and it is this phrase which has inspired the writings in this section which will relate the physiological and psychological factors of vision to photography.

Photography and cinematography classes typically begin with studying the visual art itself whether through example or the use of the tools of the trade. This is especially difficult with photographic arts because they utilize optics in such a literal way as to trick the student into thinking that the camera sees how their eye sees.

I have come to firmly believe that one must learn how we see before we can learn how the photographic medium sees. Knowledge of the similarities and dissimilarities between the camera lens and the human visual system is liberating. Once the artist casts aside the assumption that the lens and eye are one and the same can they understand how to create the images they see in their own mind’s eye.

At the same time the medium of photography is both defined by the limits of our vision, just like Wittgenstein’s telescope. Our eyes are powerfully sensitive to detail, tone and color, but can also be easily fooled. The photographic medium is limited by the strengths of our visual system and also exploits its weaknesses. These instances are not mere medical curiosities, but can have a profound on the practical and aesthetic decisions of a photographer.

Finally

If I was to distill the writings on this site down to one thing I would say this is an exploration of relationships:

The Science section explores the internal relationships between the materials used in photography and cinematography. The Zeitgeist sections looks at the relation between society and photographic materials and how this affects the artist’s work and thought. Finally, Our Eyes Give it Shape looks at the relation between photographic materials and ourselves.

(I never thought that when I began writing a blog it would end up being about relationships.)

I will let the rest of the world generate the mass of content, but I want to give it form. I want to look at the relationship between parts because this is the only way in which to form an understanding of the whole.

Welcome... by [Your Name Here]

For those who know me there is some surprise in my writing a blog. In fact, some will consider this a retreat from my generally Luddite principles. So first allow me the time and space to justify my digital presence and illustrate the principles to which it will serve.

I receive increasing pressure from friends, colleagues, and students to post and write about the material explored in my “Science of Cinematography” class at NYU. This is due to the fact that I am given the resources and freedom to test film stocks, cameras and lenses. I have collected a wealth of data that has clarified a great deal for me and others. I regret to inform everyone I will not be posting the results here despite pressure otherwise. My reasoning is as follows:

First, the tests I have performed are designed to be seen in a medium of much higher quality than the internet can offer. Rather than offer compressed or poor samples I would rather explain the test procedure so that someone can gather their own material.

Second, blogs that contain ‘tests’ or ‘test results’ of photographic materials already exist in legion. I have not seen a single one that discusses the problems and process of conducting a good test. Furthermore, the process of asking questions about the nature of the materials used in visual arts brings up a number of interesting philosophical issues that are never fully explored.

Third, communication for me has always been a two way affair. I have participated in forums, but have found the terms of engagement too socially complicated. Also, the voice of many creates a cacophony. By posting these writings in a small niche of cyberspace I hope people discover them and feel free to contact me personally to share or criticize. I enjoy one on one communication with people of like or even un-like minds.

Finally, my class is contained to a finite term in which I am frequently unable to pursue ancillary topics. This site gives me the space to travel down some side roads that would otherwise be never explored. My hope is that these side journeys will enrich the landscape for students and outsiders alike.

I have and always will be interested in the exchange of ideas. These writings serve as the first step with which I hope to provide a singular exploration of the many facets of the photographic visual medium. I will probably pose a great deal more questions than answer, but this comes from a desire to avoid espousing dogma.

For those who still express surprise at my penning a blog you can see in the above image that I still work very much by hand.